In a landmark move for the robotics industry, Shanghai-based Fourier Intelligence has introduced the N1, a cutting-edge humanoid robot that breaks new ground as the first fully open-source model of its kind. Launched in April 2025, this innovation shifts away from the proprietary systems that have long defined humanoid robotics, opening doors for global collaboration among researchers, developers, and innovators. With its compact design, advanced capabilities, and accessible architecture, the N1 is poised to democratize high-performance robotics, much like Linux and Android transformed software ecosystems.
From Rehab Robotics to Humanoid Pioneers: Fourier's Evolution
Founded in 2015, Fourier Intelligence initially focused on rehabilitation robotics, developing exoskeletons and therapy devices to aid mobility-impaired individuals. The company has since expanded into general-purpose robotics, leveraging full-stack technology to create intelligent machines for real-world applications. Their entry into humanoids began with models like the GR-1 and GR-3, but the N1 represents a bold pivot toward openness and community-driven development.
The N1's unveiling at Fourier's Pudong R&D Center in April 2025 marks a strategic response to industry challenges, including high R&D costs and limited accessibility. By embracing an open-source model, Fourier aims to lower barriers for startups, educational institutions, and hobbyists, fostering rapid prototyping and customization without massive resources.
Technical Specs: Compact Powerhouse for Dynamic Performance
Standing at just 1.3 meters tall and weighing 38 kilograms, the N1 is a "small but powerful" humanoid designed for agility and efficiency. Constructed from lightweight aluminum alloy and engineering plastics, it balances durability with flexibility, making it suitable for diverse environments.
Key features include:
- Degrees of Freedom: 23, enabling complex movements and human-like dexterity.
- Speed: Up to 3.5 meters per second, outpacing many competitors in locomotion.
- Battery Life: Swappable battery system providing over two hours of continuous operation.
- Actuators: Proprietary FSA 2.0 system for high torque, precision, and stable motion, even on uneven terrain.
Rigorous testing—over 1,000 hours in outdoor conditions—has proven the N1's robustness. It can navigate steep slopes of 15 to 20 degrees, climb stairs up to 20 cm high, and recover from falls autonomously. Integration with NVIDIA's AI technologies, such as the GR00T blueprint, enhances its intelligence for tasks like imitation learning and real-world adaptation.
The Open-Source Edge: Blueprints, Code, and Community Collaboration
What sets the N1 apart is its comprehensive open-source architecture, part of Fourier's "Nexus Open Ecosystem Initiative." All hardware and software designs are publicly available on GitHub, including structural blueprints, bill of materials (BOM) lists, CAD files, assembly instructions, and core operating software. This includes the Fourier-GRX SDK for developers to dive into customization.
By releasing everything under an open framework, Fourier encourages a global community to contribute improvements, similar to how open-source projects like Linux spurred innovation in computing. The approach includes shared algorithms and data, such as the ActionNet dataset, to accelerate embodied intelligence research. Developers can replicate, modify, or build upon the N1, from DIY kits to advanced prototypes, without starting from scratch.
Why It Matters: Accessibility, Innovation, and Real-World Impact
The N1's open-source model addresses key hurdles in robotics: exorbitant development costs and siloed knowledge. By making high-performance humanoids more accessible, it empowers smaller entities to experiment and innovate, potentially speeding up applications in healthcare, education, and beyond.
While the exact cost of the N1 hardware remains undisclosed, its open-source nature inherently reduces expenses for adopters, as they can source parts independently and avoid licensing fees. This could make humanoid robotics viable for broader markets, from research labs to consumer tech.
Looking Ahead: A New Era for Humanoid Robotics
Fourier's N1 is more than a robot—it's a catalyst for a collaborative future in embodied AI. As part of a growing lineup including the GR-3 care-bot, it positions Fourier as a leader in open ecosystems. With events like the World Robot Conference 2025 showcasing its potential, the N1 could inspire taller, smarter successors and integrate with emerging tech like NVIDIA's simulation tools.
In an industry dominated by giants like Tesla and Boston Dynamics, Fourier's open strategy invites everyone to the table, promising faster advancements and more inclusive progress. As developers worldwide tinker with the N1's code on GitHub, the humanoid revolution is just beginning—accessible, collaborative, and full of potential.